HEALTH ADVICE

August 23, 2024

Osteopathic Approach to Managing Respiratory Problems

By Laurie Melrose-DoeringOsteopath & Applied Kinesiologist

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Breathing is a fundamental physiological process that sustains life by facilitating the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. Through inhalation, oxygen is drawn into the lungs, where it diffuses into the bloodstream and is transported to tissues and organs. Conversely, exhalation removes carbon dioxide, a metabolic by-product, from the body. This process is typically involuntary, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, but it can also be consciously controlled, allowing us to modify our breathing patterns during activities such as singing, speaking, or practicing mindfulness.

Beyond the mere exchange of gases, breathing plays a pivotal role in regulating various bodily functions, from maintaining homeostasis to supporting psychological well-being. It influences the circulatory system, affects the balance of body chemistry, and even contributes to postural stability. Given its extensive influence, it’s not surprising that dysfunctional breathing can lead to a wide range of health issues.

The Importance of Proper Breathing

Breathing efficiently is crucial for maintaining overall health. Proper breathing patterns ensure that oxygen reaches the body’s cells effectively, supporting energy production and metabolic functions. Additionally, efficient breathing helps regulate the nervous system, stabilise blood pH levels, and support immune function.

However, when breathing patterns become disrupted or dysfunctional, it can set off a cascade of negative effects, leading to a condition known as dysfunctional breathing. This term encompasses a variety of irregular breathing patterns that reduce the body’s ability to respond to environmental demands. Dysfunctional breathing is not merely a respiratory issue; it can affect sleep, digestion, posture, and even mental health, underscoring the interconnectedness of our bodily systems.

Dysfunctional Breathing: Causes and Consequences

Dysfunctional breathing occurs when the natural rhythm and pattern of breathing are altered. This can happen for several reasons, including:

  • Musculoskeletal Issues:Problems in the neck, ribcage, or back can impede the movement necessary for proper breathing. For example, tightness or misalignment in the ribs can restrict lung expansion.

 

  • Diaphragm Dysfunction:The diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in breathing. If it becomes dysfunctional—due to stress, poor posture, neck dysfunctions at C3 to C5, or misalignment of the xiphoid process, congestion at the neurolymphatic or neurovascular points—breathing patterns can become shallow and inefficient.

 

  • Psychological Factors:Anxiety and stress are common contributors to dysfunctional breathing. When a person is anxious, they may begin to hyperventilate or breathe irregularly, which can become a habitual pattern over time.

 

  • Respiratory Conditions:Chronic respiratory ailments like asthma or bronchitis can lead to compensatory breathing patterns that, while initially protective, may become dysfunctional if they persist.

 

  • Lifestyle Factors:Smoking, poor posture, and lack of physical activity can all contribute to inefficient breathing pattern

Recognising the Symptoms of Dysfunctional Breathing

Identifying dysfunctional breathing can be challenging, as its symptoms often overlap with those of other conditions. Common indicators include:

  • Chronic Breathlessness:Feeling short of breath, even in the absence of physical exertion or a clear medical cause.

 

  • Persistent Headaches:Frequent headaches that may be linked to improper oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

 

  • Mouth Breathing:Habitual mouth breathing, especially during sleep, which can lead to dry mouth, throat irritation, and other issues.

 

  • Fatigue and Weakness:A general sense of tiredness and lack of energy, as the body struggles to obtain sufficient oxygen.

 

  • Anxiety and Dizziness:Breathing irregularities can lead to feelings of dizziness, light-headedness, and increased anxiety.

 

  • Neck and Shoulder Pain:Chronic tension in the neck and shoulders, often associated with the overuse of accessory breathing muscles.

 

  • Irregular Digestion:Unexplained digestive disturbances, possibly linked to altered diaphragm function and vagus nerve irritation.

The Osteopathic Approach to Breathing Problems

Osteopathy is a holistic approach to healthcare, based on the principle that the body has the inherent ability to heal itself. Osteopaths view the body as an interconnected system where the structure and function of the body are intimately related. When it comes to breathing problems, an osteopath’s role is to identify and address the mechanical components that contribute to dysfunctional breathing.

Comprehensive Assessment

The first step in osteopathic treatment is a thorough assessment. The osteopath will take a detailed medical history, focussing on past respiratory issues, psychological stressors, and lifestyle factors. They will also observe the patient’s current breathing patterns, using techniques like visual inspection, muscle testing and palpation to assess how the ribcage, diaphragm, and related structures are functioning.

Identifying Mechanical Dysfunction

Many cases of dysfunctional breathing have a strong mechanical component. This could involve restricted movement in the ribcage, reduced diaphragm mobility, misalignment of attachmoints points, or muscular imbalances in the chest, back, and neck. For example, if the ribcage is restricted, it may not expand properly during inhalation, leading to shallow breathing and over-reliance on accessory muscles like those in the neck and shoulders. These imbalances can create a cycle of tension and discomfort, exacerbating the breathing issues.

Treatment Techniques

Osteopaths use a variety of techniques to restore proper function and ease the symptoms of dysfunctional breathing. These techniques include:

  • Inhibition:This technique involves applying gentle pressure to hyperactive muscles to help them relax. By reducing muscle tension, especially in the neck and upper chest, inhibition can relieve strain on the respiratory system.

 

  • High-Velocity Low-Amplitude (HVLA):This technique involves a quick, precise thrust to a joint, aimed at improving mobility and reducing restrictions. It’s particularly useful for addressing issues in the spine and ribcage that might be limiting breathing. HVTs will also correct misalignments and improve nerve supply to muscles, such as the diaphragm.

 

  • Muscle Energy Technique (MET):MET involves the patient actively participating by contracting specific muscles against a counterforce applied by the osteopath. This technique helps to improve joint range of motion and muscle function.

 

  • Soft Tissue Massage:Through targeted massage, the osteopath can improve circulation, reduce muscle tension, and promote relaxation. This is especially beneficial for patients with chronic tension in the muscles involved in breathing.

 

  • Articulation:This involves gently moving a joint through its range of motion to improve mobility and function. It’s particularly effective for restoring movement to the ribs and spine, which are crucial for efficient breathing.

 

  • Myofascial Release:This technique targets the connective tissue (fascia) that surrounds muscles and organs. By releasing restrictions in the fascia, myofascial release can enhance overall mobility and function, facilitating better breathing.
  • Breathing Retraining: In addition to manual techniques, osteopaths often guide patients through breathing exercises designed to retrain their breathing patterns. These exercises focus on:
  • Diaphragmatic Breathing:Teaching patients to use their diaphragm effectively, ensuring that breathing is deep and efficient rather than shallow and chest-based.

 

  • Ribcage Expansion:Exercises that promote the full expansion of the ribcage during inhalation, ensuring that the lungs can fully inflate.

 

  • Relaxation Techniques:Methods to reduce stress and anxiety, which are often underlying causes of dysfunctional breathing. This might include mindfulness practices, progressive muscle relaxation, or guided imagery.

 

  • Postural Adjustments:Posture plays a critical role in breathing efficiency. Osteopaths provide advice on how to maintain good posture throughout the day, whether sitting, standing, or lying down, to facilitate optimal breathing.

Long-term Benefits of Osteopathic Management

The benefits of osteopathic management for breathing problems extend beyond immediate symptom relief. By addressing the root causes of dysfunctional breathing, osteopathy can provide long-lasting improvements in overall health and well-being. These benefits include:

  • Improved Respiratory Function:Enhanced breathing efficiency, which supports better oxygenation of the body’s tissues and organs.

 

  • Reduced Anxiety and Stress:Better breathing patterns can help regulate the autonomic nervous system, leading to a reduction in anxiety and stress levels.

 

  • Pain Relief:Relief from chronic neck, shoulder, and back pain, which is often linked to dysfunctional breathing.

 

  • Enhanced Sleep Quality:Better breathing patterns can improve sleep, reducing issues like snoring and sleep apnoea.

 

  • Improved Posture and Mobility:By correcting structural imbalances, osteopathy can lead to better posture and greater overall mobility.

 

  • Overall Well-being:As breathing improves, patients often report increased energy levels, better digestion, and an overall sense of well-being.

 

  • Reduced acid reflux: a strong diaphragm will reduce regurgitation, because a strong diaphragm acts as a sphincter around the gastro-oesophageal junction.

Long-term Benefits of Osteopathic Management

Breathing is more than just a mechanical process—it’s a vital function that affects every aspect of our health. Dysfunctional breathing can lead to a wide range of health issues, but through osteopathic care, these problems can be effectively managed.

By using a combination of manual techniques, breathing retraining, and lifestyle advice, osteopaths can help restore normal breathing patterns, alleviating symptoms and improving overall quality of life. If you experience breathing difficulties, heartburn or related symptoms, consulting an osteopath can be a valuable step towards better health.

Osteopathic Support at Aston Clinic London

At Aston Clinic London, our team of osteopaths is dedicated to providing individualised care to address your respiratory concerns. We understand that breathing difficulties can significantly impact your overall health and well-being, and we approach each case with the thoroughness it deserves.

By identifying the underlying causes of your breathing issues, whether they stem from musculoskeletal imbalances, stress, or other health factors, we deliver targeted and effective care. We are committed to supporting you throughout your journey to better health, ensuring you can breathe easier and feel more at ease.

To book a session with one of our osteopaths, click here. Alternatively, you can contact us at 020 8942 3148to learn how our treatments can benefit you.

Aston Clinic London is a third-generation complementary health clinic located in New Malden, serving Kingston, Norbiton, Wimbledon, Raynes Park, Surbiton, Chessington, Worcester Park, Sutton, Richmond, and other areas of southwest London and Surrey.

By Laurie Melrose-DoeringOsteopath & Applied Kinesiologist

References

 

 

  • Kasten, K. M., Tyler, S. K., Johnson, A. R., Kolakowski, E. R., Pickos, J., Heineman, K., & Jie, C.(2020). The Immediate, Intermediate, and Long-Term Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Pulmonary Function in Adults with Asthma. The AAO Journal, 30(3), 29-35. Available at: https://doi.org/10.53702/2375-5717-30.3.29

 

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